World Religions

Elon University, Fall 2001

 
REL 121E:  World Religions
T/Th 5:30-7:10 in Alamance 302
Instructor:  Caroline T. Schroeder
Office:  Alamance 318A
Office Hours:  Tues 1-2; Thurs 4-5; or by appointment
Office Phone:  x5242 (Tuesdays & Thursdays only!)
Email:  cts1@duke.edu, cschroeder@elon.edu

DescriptionObjectives  Required Texts      Course Requirements      Course Websites      Evaluation and Grading

 Schedule of Assignments

Course Description
From newspaper business pages to suburban demographics,"globalization" has emerged as a significant trend for the 21st century.  Negotiating cultural differences in our new "global village" can be tricky, and religion is often a significant cultural barrier.  This course will introduce students to the study of religion in a global context, focussing on traditions other than Judaism and Christianiy in non-Western societies.  Because religions evolve within particular geographic and social contexts, the course is organized NOT by religious tradition or faith, but by locale.  We focus on contemporary religiosity in three countries:  India, China, and Egypt.  Although we will concentrate on Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam in these respective places, we will learn about them through their evolution in their particular cultures and through their interactions with other religious communities.  Consequently, we will also touch upon Sikhism, Jainism, Taoism, Confucianism, Judaism, and Eastern Orthodox Christianity.  While we cannot thoroughly investigate any one of these religions, we will learn about the basic history, textual traditions, and rituals of the major religions studied.

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Course Objectives
This course has four primary objectives:

  1. Learn the basic elements of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam
  2. Immersion into the religious cultures of India, China, and Egypt
  3. Establish the distinctions between primary and secondary sources in academic study and develop the critical reading skills required for each
  4. Learn to devise a topic, construct a thesis, research, and fashion an argument for an academic paper
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Required Texts
Immediately head over to the bookstore to purchase:
    Hinduism:  A Very Short Introduction by Kim Knott
    Buddhism:  A Very Short Introduction by Damien Keown
    Islam:  A Very Short Introduction by Malise Ruthven
    DO NOT PURCHASE Judaism: A Very Short Introduction
These books should cost less than $10 each, but if you cannot purchase them, my personal copies are on reserve in the library.

Then RUN (do not walk) over to the library and photocopy the following packets of readings:
    Introductory Packet (for weeks 1-2)
    India Packet (for weeks 2-6)
    China Packet (for weeks 6-10)
Again, if you cannot afford to photocopy them, two copies of each packet are on reserve.  BUT REMEMBER:  "It was checked out" is not an excuse for not having completed the reading assignments.  Go early, go often.  I will inform you as soon as the Egypt Packet for weeks 10-14 is available.  In the syllabus, an * indicates required readings in these packets.

Additional books and articles are on reserve as indicated on the syllabus.  Other required assignments and study guides are on the internet.

If you have some extra cash and really like the topics, you might consider purchasing the following books at Amazon.com or your favorite on-l
ine retailer.  We will be reading quite a bit of each of them:
    C. J. Fuller, The Camphor Flame
    Barbara Stoler-Miller, The Bhagavad Gita
    Max Rodenbeck, Cairo:  The City Victorious

Students should bring the assigned readings to class each day.

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Course Requirements
Daily reading assignments:  Assignments should be completed before class on the day on which they are listed on the syllabus.  Well-prepared students will bring to class specific questions about the assignments and topics for class discussion.

Class participation and attendance:  Class discussion and participation is an integral part of this class.  All students are expected to participate in a  thoughtful, well-prepared manner that is grounded in the course assignments.  All members of the class are expected to reflect critically on they ways in which they can contribute to constructive rather than destructive class dynamics.  I will call upon students and will not always simply wait for students to volunteer themselves.  Absences may affect your grade, and athletes, band members, etc., are advised to provide official letters from their coaches explaining missed classes.

Exams:  There will be three exams over the course of the semester.  There is no Final Exam.

Semester project:  Over the course of the semester, you will be required to track current events related to religion in other parts of the world.  Eventually, you will write a small paper (due the date for the final exam for the course) on these events.  I will provide the details the first two weeks of class.

Well-prepared students will bring to class specific questions about the assignments and topics for class discussion.

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Course Websites
The syllabus, schedule of assignments, and other resources for the course will be posted on my website at www.carrieschroeder.com/WR.  Check here first if you have any questions about an assignment.  I will update it regularly.  We will also make use of Elon's blackboard system.  I will distribute the URL and instructions for how to use it when it comes online.  If you have any questions about the course websites, computer use, or the internet, please ask me.  No question is a stupid question!

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Evaluations and Grading
Late work will not be accepted. If there is a tragedy in your life, and you need an exception to this policy, you must make arrangements with me before the work is due.
Grading scale
 F--expresses little accurate information and/or is not coherent,  fails to answer the questions
 D--demonstrates little thought; work shows effort, but the information, explanation, and conclusions are weak
 C--articulates your thoughts coherently
 B--explores why you think the way you do
 A--reserved for excellence, when you use the material as a springboard for higher level critical thinking of your own rather than merely report information or describe what you think.  For instance:  You engage with other perspectives, counter-arguments, etc.  You demonstrate creativity and original thought.  You step back from your own point of view to look at the pros and cons of thinking in the ways you do.

Final grades
Class Participation:  20%
Exams (3) 20% each
Final Project 20%

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Schedule of Assignments
* indicates readings on reserve in the course packets

Part 1:  Introduction to the Study of Religion in a Global Perspective

Aug 28 Introduction to the Course

Discussion: What is religion?
Aug 30 Studying the Religions of Others

*Diana L. Eck, "Is Our God Listening?" in Encountering God:  A Spiritual Journey from Bozeman to Banaras, 166-99
After reading Eck, check out the Pluralism Project, which she founded at Harvard at http://www.pluralism.org/
Check out a map of the religions of the world at Britannica online http://www.eb.com:180/bol/topic?tmap_id=210552000&tmap_typ=ii
Sept 4 The Academic Study of Religion

Online study guide for Durkheim and Geertz (login to Blackboard and click on the World Religions link)
*Emile Durkheim,The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (1915), see study guide
*Clifford Geertz, "Religion as a Cultural System" (1966) in The Interpretation of Cultures, see study guide

Part 2:  India -- A Focus on Hinduism

Sept 6 The Religious Landscape of India and Introduction to Hinduism

First, check out where India is on the course site's map of the Indian Ocean
Orient yourself to India using Britannica on-line's map of India:
http://www.eb.com:180/bol/topic?tmap_id=100562000&tmap_typ=ii  (locate the region of Tamil and the cities of Calcutta, Delhi, & Bombay)
Knott, ch. 1
Immerse yourself in the streets of Delhi, Calcutta, or Bombay using Yahoo's photo galleries:
  http://search.gallery.yahoo.com/search/corbis?p=calcutta
  http://search.gallery.yahoo.com/search/corbis?p=new+delhi
  http://search.gallery.yahoo.com/search/corbis?p=bombay
 C.J. Fuller, Camphor Flame, 3-24 (book and assigned chapters on reserve)
 *Reg Veda & Upanishad selections from Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty, Textual Sources for the Study of Hinduism
Sept 13 The Self, Society, and the Sacred

Knott, ch 2-3
Bhagavad Gita, verses 1.21-47, 2.11-22, 3.1-19, 4.20-33, 5.1-12, 13.19, 13.27-32, 18.1-78 (on reserve:  the book Bhagavad Gita OR look in Hindu Scriptures)
Bhagavad Gita Study Guide
Britannica online articles on Jainism: 
  Introduction
  History: Recent Jaina History
  Doctrines:  Time & the Universe, Karma, Theories of Knowledge Applied to Liberation
Sept 18 Dieties

Knott, ch. 4-5
Bhagavad Gita, verses10.17-42, 11.1-20, 11.36-40, 11.52-55 (NOTE CHANGE)
Read ONE of *"Parvati" in Kinsley, Hindu Goddesses or *"Bengali Hymns to Kali" in Religions of India in Practice
Explore the iconography, mythology, and meaning of various deities:
  http://www.asia.si.edu/devi/index.htm
  http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_pictures/
Visit a temple to Kali at http://dakshineswar.freeyellow.com/
Optional:  *Ramayana selections from Wendy Doniger O'Flaherty, Textual Sources for the Study of Hinduism
Optional:  Many other temples can be viewed at www.templenet.com
Sept 20 Puja

C.J. Fuller, Camphor Flame, 57-82 (book and assigned chapters on reserve)
Explore Puja and visit Indian temples at:
 http://www.hindunet.org/puja/
 http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_pictures/
 Britannica on-line articles:
  Jainism:  Religious Disciplines of the Laity
  Jainism:  Temple Worship and Observance
 In class: view & discuss Puja Video; sign up for holy men & holy women texts
Sept 25 Holy Women and Holy Men in India

Optional: Fuller, Camphor Flame, 154-81 (book and assigned chapters on reserve)
 Brittanica online articles: 
  Jainism:  Monks and their Practices
  Guru
  Sikhism:  The Guru and the Disciple
Select 2-3 from:  *"Jain Stories Inspiring Renunciation," "A Holy Woman of Calcutta," "The Life of Guru Nanak," "The Autobiography of a Female Renouncer," "Lives of Sufi Saints" from Religions of India in Practice
Optional:  Find Hindu monasteries at http://www.hindunet.org/hindu_pictures/
Semester Project Part 1 due
Sept 27 Colonialism and Politics in the 20th-21st c.

Knott, ch. 6-7, 9
Gandhi's autobiography, selections -- CANCELLED
Optional:  Visit a think-tank on South Asian politics, the Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies at http://www.ipcs.org/
Optional:  Check out the official Gandhi website at http://web.mahatma.org.in and the Gandhi institute for nonviolence at http://www.gandhiinstitute.com
In class: view Gandhi video & review for exam
Oct 2 Take Home Exam Due
Class meets at Koury Center for Lecture by Lech Walesa

Part 3:  China -- A Focus on Buddhism

Oct 4 The Religious Landscape of China

Orient yourself to China's geography with the following maps:
  Map #1 in Keown, Buddhism
  Map of "China,"  in the Brittanica online's article on China
*Overmyer, Religions of China, 24-38
Read about Taoism and its art at the Chicago Art Institute's recent exhibit at http://www.artic.edu/taoism/menu.php
(Read the entire first section on The Taoist Tradition as well as "Beginnings of Religious Taoism" in the second section.  Be sure to examine the art that accompanies the text.)
*Sommer, Chinese Religion, selections in Confucianism and Taoism
Keown, Ch. 1
Optional for those interested in Taoism:  http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/gthursby/taoism/
In class: Brief lecture-a brief history of China
Oct 9 The Buddha and the Four Noble Truths

Keown, Ch. 2-4, 7
*The Experience of Buddhism, sections 1.3, 1.5.2, 1.6, 1.7, 3.5.1, 3.5.3 
See the temple at the supposed site of the Buddha's enlightenment at http://kaladarshan.arts.ohio-state.edu/
NOTE:  this site also has an excellent photo collection of the now destroyed giant buddha statues in Bamiyan, Afghanistan
Listen to Buddhist Chanting at http://www.buddhanet.net/r_audio/pirith.ram (you will need RealAudio to listen -- on this site, there is a link to the RealAudio site to download this plug-in)
Optional:  For more on Buddhist meditation, visit Insight Meditation online.  Check out Practical Vipassana Exercises (the description of the Mahasi Meditation Center and Part I, the Preparatory Stage), and Meditation in Burma
Oct 11 Buddhism in China

Keown, Ch. 5-6
*The Experience of Buddhism, sections 4.2.2-3, 4.4.1-2, 8.2.1, 8.7 (4.2.3 & 8.7 ARE CANCELLED!)
View the boddhisatva Amithaba/Avalokiteshvara/Kuan Yin/Chenrezig at
 http://www.iol.ie/~taeger/panchen/amistang.html
 http://www.bremen.de/info/nepal/Gallery-1/Bodhisattvas/4-3/Ava-T-0.htm 
 http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/holbein/272/mainframe.html
See the oldest known Chinese buddha statue at http://www.asianart.org/exhibits/collect_chin_b.htm
The Green Tara at http://www.iol.ie/~taeger/bio/8greenta.htm
Vajrakila Heruka at http://www.iol.ie/~taeger/tengabio/vajrakil.html
Optional:  more on the schools of buddhism is available at http://www.buddhanet.net/e-study/history/schools.htm
Oct 16 No Class -- Fall Break
Oct 18 Popular Religion in China

*Overmyer, Religions of China, 51-54
*"Teachings of a Spirit Medium" and "Saving the Burning Mouth Hungry-Ghost" in Lopez, Religions of China in Practice
Explore the exhibit at the Sackler Museum on Chinese Ancestor Worship
Study the section on Taoism and Popular Religion in the Chicago Art Institute's exhibit
Oct 23 Religion and Politics in 21st Century China:  Tibet

*Julia Ching, "Is There Religious Tolerance in China" in Probing China's Soul
*"Mao Tse Tung Overthrows Religious Authority," in Sommer, Chinese Religion
Read about the Tibetan Buddhist tradition of the Mandala .  Be sure to click on the exhibit numbers at the top of the essay to view the art that accompanies the essay!!!!
Visit the official website for the Tibetan government in exile
Optional:  Check out the project to save Tibet's monasteries
Oct 25 Video:  TBA

Review for Exam
Part 2 of Semester Project Due
Oct 30 In Class Exam #2
Part 4:  Egypt -- A Focus on Islam
Nov 1 Introduction to Islam and the Religious Landscape of Egypt

Orient yourself with the following maps:
The Middle East
Muslim distribution at http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_maps/muslim_distribution.jpg
Egypt
Ruthven, ch. 1
*Rodenbeck's map of Cairo
*Cambridge History of Egypt, selections
Nov 6 Muhammed and the Quran

Ruthven, ch. 2
*The Quran:  Suras 1, 5, 17, 29, 53, 81, 100, 112
*Textual Sources for the Study of Islam, 66-85
Listen to the Fatiha at http://www7.bev.net/civic/icb/icb_ra.html#quran .  Click on Fatiha & selected Quranic recitations, then scroll down to the Suratul Fatiha recordings
Nov 8 Islamic Unity and Diversity

Ruthven, ch. 3 + pp. 139-43
Spend a couple of minutes looking at the Al Azhar mosque at www.alazhar.org/english/index.htm and http://www.touregypt.net/azharmosque.htm
Then search on the www for two other mosques in Cairo.  Be prepared to talk about them in class!
View events of the hajj
Nov 13 Women and Islamic Law

Ruthven, ch. 4-5; skip over or skim section on Ijtihad -- NOTE CHANGE!
Go to http://www.jannah.org/sisters/ and scroll down to the section listing articles on women in Islam; read one or two articles and be prepared to talk about them in class -- NOTE CHANGE TO SYLLABUS
Nov 15 Islam and Nationalism in Egypt -- Part 1:  The Beginnings -- NOTE CHANGES!!

Ruthven ch. 6
Handouts:
  1. Qutb, "This Religion of Islam"
  2. Karen Armstrong, The Battle For God, pp. 218-26, 235-45
Nov 20 No class — AAR/SBL Meeting
Nov 22 No class — Thanksgiving
Nov 27 Islam and Nationalism in Egypt -- Part 2:  Islamism and other religions in Egypt -- NOTE CHANGES!!

Handouts
  1. Rodenbeck, Cairo:  City Victorious, pp. 136-83
  2. Karen Armstrong, The Battle For God, pp.  288-99, 333-40
Nov 29 View Film:  TBA

Review for Exam
Dec 4 In Class Exam #3
Dec 6 Conclusions

Final remarks & discussion
Course evaluations

Final Semester Project Due Tuesday December 11, at 5 pm.

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Page last updated on 11/13/01
All text Copyright 2001 by Caroline T. Schroeder*
*except grading guidelines, based on criteria established by Ann Burlein

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